While Ohio is full of multiple mounds and earthworks from various cultures, there’s no earthwork in the world that compares to the Great Serpent Mound in Peebles—but what’s even more intriguing about the mound is its indefinite purpose, which continues to baffle archaeologists and anthropologists alike. If you’ve yet to see this marvel for yourself, you need to check it out. Serpent Mound in Ohio is truly unlike anything else you’ve ever seen in the world.
The largest (and most strangely shaped) effigy mound in both North America and the world can be found right here in Ohio in Adams County.
Although no artifacts or written records were found near the mound to determine who built it, a nearby village site shows evidence of occupation by both the Adena and the later Fort Ancient Cultures.
Capturing the whole thing in a photo is difficult, but absolutely amazing when possible—and you can always climb the observation tower for a better view.
Ohio trivia time: Ohio became a state in 1803, the same year the Louisiana Purchase was completed. While it was an exciting time for the U.S., the field of archaeology was still very much in its infancy. Things would really take off roughly seven decades later when Heinrich Schliemann discovered the remains of Troy, which added extra legitimacy to the young science. Unfortunately, before archaeology really had its footing as a field, we lost many fascinating landmarks in the U.S. to development and curiosity. Nevertheless, Ohio has managed to keep a few of its historic sites intact for us to enjoy. Today, we're going to take a look at a site in the Licking Park District that still has a significant Hopewell cultural site intact, though it will take a bit of searching to uncover. As the area of interest is hidden in a public park, you can get to know its hiking trails on AllTrails before you even hit the road.
advertisement
Once upon a time, the Hopewell peoples flourished in and around the Granville area. Today, this culture is known for its mounds, which are ancient earthworks used for a variety of different purposes including funerary burials, religious ceremony, and even construction. Some of these mounds required millions of cubic feet of dirt to construct, and this culture is responsible for building the very largest earthworks in North America. In fact, some Hopewell earthworks rank as the largest on the planet, earning them much-deserved recognition on UNESCO's World Heritage list.
Infirmary Mound, which we're going to visit today, is rather quaint compared to these massive examples of ancient engineering, but it's still got a remarkable history. It's one of several mounds in Licking County, though, and it's well worth a visit.
kathryn lally/AllTrails
About 70 feet in diameter and rising a mere three feet above the landscape, Infirmary Mound is a bit hard to spot. This is unfortunately due to human activity in the region... farming, landscaping, and footfall have made it susceptible to erosion. This isn't all modern, of course. Back in the 1850s (before the discovery of Troy and before widespread acceptance of the importance of preservation), this landscape housed the county home. It went by many different names, including The Infirmary.
As the landscape has been worn down, you might want to reference a trail map to locate the old mound. Unlike some of the more famous mounds, the Granville ones likely were not burial sites. Likely ceremonial sites, these Licking County mounds preserve a long-lost culture rather than the remains of that long-lost culture. Without significant artifacts and archaeological study, this site is a bit of a mystery. However, it does make one thing clear: generations of ancient peoples called this area home.
Rachel Pack/AllTrails
Though the site isn't huge, it's a true hidden gem that history lovers are going to want to (metaphorically, of course) dig into. It's a fascinating reminder that though our country is young, Ohio has been populated by humans for as many as 15,000 years. The first European settlers (many of whom were French fur trappers exploring the wild Northwest Territory) must have been humbled to see massive and, in some cases, elaborate earthworks greeting them.
Nature lovers can also enjoy the park's 316 acres without feeling like they need to do some homework to understand the landscape's significance. It's beautiful, quite simply put, and it has unique trails like Wildflower Fairy Trail waiting to be explored. This trail is just a quarter mile in length, but it features fairy houses, secret doors, and magic around every corner. It's perfect for hikers of all ages!
Mike Hearty/AllTrails
All in all, the park has about nine miles of trails encircling its acreage. There's a scenic lake, forested stretches, meadows, and just an endless dose of beauty awaiting nature lovers. Of course, the real magic at this site is not on the Wildflower Fairy Trail, but hidden in one ancient earthwork that only history buffs know to look for.
Rumor Has It the Ohio State Reformatory Is One of the Most Haunted Places in the US
Known for its role in "The Shawshank Redemption," there's so much more to discover at the Ohio State Reformatory... including paranormal activity and ghost sightings.
When I was six years old, I had my first ghost encounter. Ironically, this happened at my church.
advertisement
My mom was very active in our church and this meant many evenings tagging along while she worked on various committees and projects. I loved wandering the halls when it was so quiet, sneaking into offices and wandering down the pews in the pulpit and choir loft. It felt like my very own secret playground.
That is, until the night I encountered what I later learned to be the church ghost.
I was in a hallway bathroom -- a small space with two stalls and an adjoining room where choir members often changed. I had just sat down when the toilet next to me flushed. There was no one else there, so I bravely said Hello?
After a pregnant pause, the toilet flushed again. I've never hightailed it out of a place as quickly as I did on that fateful evening. I ran into the room where my mom was; she was with a fellow church member prepping for the fall rummage sale. When I explained what had happened, that fellow church member replied, "Oh, yes, that's the church ghost. She's friendly."
She went on to explain that, a hundred years ago when the church had just been built along what was then a one-lane road, there was a head-on collision between two cars. The driver of the first car died instantly, as did the driver of the other car -- but he wasn't alone. His wife was also in the car, gravely injured but able to crawl out of the vehicle and make her way into the church pulpit, where she peacefully passed away.
Today, explained my mom's friend, the ghost roamed the halls of our church but was friendly; she often played with lights and, yes, plumbing, gently reminding folks that she was there.
She may have been friendly, but that was the last time I roamed the halls of my church alone. I never went to the bathroom alone, either... the idea of a paranormal presence really freaked me out. This experience has stuck with me over the years, keeping me far, far away from anywhere even remotely haunted. Like, say, the Ohio State Reformatory.
Whether you live in Ohio or not, you're probably familiar with the Ohio State Reformatory. Not only did this former reformatory play a key role in "The Shawshank Redemption," but it's also considered to be one of the most haunted places in the U.S.
I've lived in Ohio most of my life but had never visited this iconic institution until recently. But on a recent weekend in early fall, just as the leaves were beginning to change and the air carried that faint smell of backyard bonfires, I left my cozy corner of southwest Ohio and headed east to see this mysterious, manmade marvel in person. I wasn't prepared for just how uncanny and, yes, haunting, the Ohio State Reformatory is in person.
Welcome to Only In Your State’s newest series, Rumor Has It, where we celebrate the local rumors – fact and fiction – that make America unique.
Also known as the Mansfield Reformatory or simply the Ohio Reformatory, the Ohio State Reformatory opened in 1886 and is nearly 130 years old.
Sarah McCosham/Only In Your State
This prison closed in 1990 and during its 100+ year tenure, 154,000 inmates called the Ohio State Reformatory home. Among its many claims to fame, the reformatory is home to the world’s tallest freestanding steel cell block: six tiers, 12 ranges, and 600 cells. A reformatory cell would have contained a desk, a stool, two footlockers, and two bunk beds, ephemera that can be viewed during a tour (more on that in a bit).
advertisement
First, the layout: you might notice that cells in the West Cell Block are slightly larger than cells in the East Cell Block; both eventually housed two inmates each due to overcrowding. Something you'll notice, as I did, is how much smaller the reformatory is in person. Don't get me wrong – it's a striking structure that certainly commands respect – but in person, the halls are tight and cells impossibly small. It's very difficult to imagine thousands of folks calling this place "home" at any given time.
The smallness of this space makes it all the more terrifying.
Sarah McCosham/Only In Your State
The reformatory was especially overcrowded in the 1920s (hello, Prohibition), and space became even tighter in the 1930s during the Great Depression. The highest committed crimes of inmates at the reformatory during this time period were robbery, burglary, larceny, and car theft. The average annual population in 1934 was 3,500 men; the prison was originally built to house 2,000 inmates, max.
Fitting so many men in a single area created a pressure cooker kind of situation, fueling tensions and sparking fights that ultimately led to inmate deaths. Violent, tortured deaths. The most infamous tale of the prison involves "the hole," a small cell wherein prisoners were held for three days as punishment. Several sources have reported that at one time, there were two inmates held in "the hole" – and by the end of the three days, one did not make it out alive.
Sarah McCosham/Only In Your State
Given its sordid history, it's no surprise the reformatory has captured the imaginations of many, including Hollywood. "The Shawshank Redemption" was famously filmed here, and Steven King's story couldn't have had a more appropriate setting.
Fast-forward to the 1980s, when these inhumane conditions finally forced the closure of the Ohio State Reformatory; remaining prisoners were moved to the nearby Mansfield Correctional Institution. Due to its age and crumbling condition, the future of the Ohio State Reformatory was uncertain, but in 1995, the Mansfield Reformatory Preservation Society was formed, opening the doors of this former prison to the public.
Today, film fans can explore the reformatory on a tour – guide-led or self-guided – and visit the official Shawshank Museum. The museum boasts five rooms of props, costumes, set pieces, and other treasures from the film: the safe in Warden Norton’s office, Red’s Parole Board room, Andy’s escape tunnels, and more. My film-loving partner was a big fan of the museum... I, however, found myself ruminating on the past.
Sarah McCosham/Only In Your State
Wandering through the halls and peeking into the cells was an unsettling experience. Having seen "The Shawshank Redemption," I was familiar with the building's layout, but the "mood" of the Ohio State Reformatory is something entirely different. If you're like me and you have an overactive imagination, be prepared to have your thoughts running amok and your mind playing tricks with you...
advertisement
What was that noise?
Did that light just flicker?
Were those footsteps behind me?
This brings me to why: Why visit the Ohio State Reformatory?
As with all of the adventures we share on Only In Your State, the experience is the why. We can describe a beautiful canyon or historic site, but there's only so much words and photos can convey. The feeling – that deep-in-your-bones, hair-raising unease – of a place like the Ohio State Reformatory; it's an experience.
